Grade 8 Science Oregon standards Standards

Physical Science

Life Science

Engineering, Technology, and the Application of Science

Earth & Space Science

Political Institutions (C.PI)

Civics

Civic Engagement (C.CE)

Examine the evolution of political parties and interest groups and their effect on events, issues, and ideas.

Identify the methods of individuals and movements responsible for the expansion of justice, equality, equity, rights, and responsibilities of citizenship from historically underrepresented groups at the local and national levels.

Evaluate the historical and contemporary means of attempting to create more inclusive societies, including the importance of advocacy and activism related to the expansion of justice, equality, and equity for historically underrepresented individuals and groups.

Democratic Principles (C.DP)

Analyze important political and ethical values for individual rights and their lasting effect on the status, rights, and liberties of historically underrepresented individuals and groups embodied in documents such as the Declaration of Independence, the United States and Oregon Constitutions, and the Bill of Rights.

Analyze issues involving liberty in conflict with equality or authority, individual rights in conflict with the common good, or majority rule in conflict with minority rights.

Identity, Roles, and Responsibilities (C.IR)

Identify and understand how to apply the rights and responsibilities of individuals under the Constitution.

Explain the significance of the influence of the democratic political concepts of ancient Greece and Rome on the structure and ideas of the Founders and the Constitution.

Explain the influence of the Enlightenment and Native American political ideas and documents on the American Revolution and the framework of the American government.

Identify the reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation and the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.

Examine and analyze significant primary source documents establishing, limiting, or denying civil rights in the United States and Oregon.

Evaluate how the persistence of racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice, affected laws, treaties, and Supreme Court decisions from 1787 to 1865 on sovereignty, status, rights, and liberties of historically underrepresented individuals and groups.

Compare and contrast the United States republican form of government to direct democracy, theocracy, oligarchy, authoritarianism, and monarchy.

Explain the process of elections in the legislative and executive branches, and the process of nomination/confirmation of individuals in the judicial and executive branches.

Examine the interconnection of governing power and responsibility in the system of checks and balances.

Economics

Earning, Saving, and Spending (E.ES)

Compare the education and training requirements, income potential, and primary duties of at least two jobs available to high school students.

Discuss how unexpected life situations can affect financial well-being and savings plans.

Explain how compound interest can generate both wealth and debt.

Define and analyze the concept of “fair lending practices” and the history of discrimination and systemic inequalities in the US financial system.

Incentives, Choice, and Consumer Behavior (E.IC)

Assess the effect of business growth and expansion on the allocation of resources and economic incentives.

Micro and Macro Economics (E.MI)

Explore varying viewpoints on the role and purpose of taxation and government spending historical and contemporary debate.

Explain the role of forced and exploitative labor systems in the economic development of the United States.

Identify the positive and negative effects of technology on labor.

Specialization, Trade, and Interdependence (E.ST)

Explain how regional specialization created economic interdependence among the regions of the United States between 1783-1865.

Earth's Place in the Universe

Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, and seasons.

Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence from rock strata for how the geologic time scale is used to organize Earth's 4.6-billion-year-old history.

Earth and Human Activity

Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's systems.

Geography

Geographic Reasoning (G.GR)

Construct and use maps and other representations, technologies, and spatial thinking to understand changes in the demographic composition of North America.

Interpret maps to identify the changes in political geography, population, and economic development of the United States.

Human Environmental Interaction (G.HE)

Human Interaction and Interconnection (G.HI)

Identify and explain examples of the influence of physical geography on human cultural elements such as law, religion, diet, and architecture.

Identify and describe how the physical and human characteristics of places and regions connect to human identities and cultures.

Identify and describe examples of how conquest and colonialism in North America affected Indigenous peoples' identities, cultures, and communities.

Migration and Movement (G.MM)

Identify and describe the causes and effects of migration, settlement, and cultural diffusion, in the expansion of the United States after the American Revolution until the end of the Civil War.

Investigate the effects of migration on immigrants and the culture where they settle.

History

Conflict and Cooperation (H.CC)

Discuss the ongoing debate on attempts at restorative justice to address historic and ongoing injustice.

Analyze resistance to enslavement through research of primary sources such as newspapers, narratives, accounts of slave auctions, and political and legal records.

Cause and Effect (H.CE)

Explain the effects of discoveries and technologies in the 18th and 19th centuries on the political and cultural development of the United States, including the expansion of slavery and the taking of Indigenous lands.

Analyze how economic, religious, social, ideological, and political developments led to sectional and national tensions, inspiring reform movements and political and social divisions between 1800-1860.

Evaluate the growing political tensions between 1820-1861 over the institution of slavery within the United States, leading to the Civil War.

Identify and analyze the political and military significance of the Civil War.

Continuity and Change (H.CH)

Identify the significant political developments surrounding the territorial expansion of the United States in the early republic (1776-1865).

Utilize the grade 8 Tribal History Shared History resources and other Indigenous voices to examine the differing forms of oppression, including cultural and physical genocide, faced by Indigenous Tribes and acts of resilience and resistance used by Indigenous peoples in response to settler colonialism.

Communities and Pluralism (H.CP)

Identify and explain the contributions and experiences of individuals from traditionally underrepresented identities in Oregon and the United States.

Use primary and secondary sources to evaluate how intersecting identities including, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, religion, physical and mental ability, and class affect the living histories and experiences of peoples, groups, and events.

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism.

Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past.

Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships.

Analyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the embryological development across multiple species to identify relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy.

Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals' probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.

Gather and synthesize information about the technologies that have changed the way humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.

Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Apply Newton's Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.

Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object's motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.

Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact.

Energy

Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.

Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system.

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave.

Develop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials.

Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information to support the claim that digitized signals are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information than analog signals.

Engineering Design

Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.

Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.

Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved.